Some ancient cities grew to be powerful capital cities and centers of commerce and industry, situated at the centers of growing ancient empires. Some cities had large dense populations, whereas others carried out urban activities in the realms of politics or religion without having large associated populations. Excavations at early urban sites show that some cities were sparsely populated political capitals, others were trade centers, and still other cities had a primarily religious focus. Theories that attempt to explain ancient urbanism by a single factor, such as economic benefit, fail to capture the range of variation documented by archaeologists. In the ancient Americas, the earliest cities were built in the Andes and Mesoamerica, and flourished between the 30 th century BCE and the 18 th century BCE.Īncient cities were notable for their geographical diversity, as well as their diversity in form and function. Among the early Old World cities, one of the largest was Mohenjo-daro, located in the Indus Valley (present-day Pakistan) it existed from about 2600 BCE, and had a population of 50,000 or more. Early cities also arose in the Indus Valley and ancient China. Mesopotamian cities included Eridu, Uruk, and Ur. The very first cities were founded in Mesopotamia after the Neolithic Revolution, around 7500 BCE. urbanism: the study of cities, their geographic, economic, political, social, and cultural environmentĮarly cities developed in a number of regions, from Mesopotamia to Asia to the Americas.Neolithic Revolution: The Neolithic Revolution or Neolithic Demographic Transition, sometimes called the Agricultural Revolution, was the world’s first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture.Old World: The known world before the discovery of the Americas.Cities reduced transport costs for goods, people, and ideas by bringing them all together in one spot.Agriculture is believed to be a pre-requisite for cities, which help preserve surplus production and create economies of scale.The very first cities were founded in Mesopotamia after the Neolithic Revolution, around 7500 BCE.
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